I den här laborationen får du bygga upp ett mindre företagsnätverk från grunden och konfigurera det så att det fungerar stabilt och effektivt. Nätet består av flera routrar och switchar som är sammankopplade via olika nätsegment och användar-LAN.
Syftet är att du ska få en praktisk förståelse för hur adressering, grundläggande säkerhet och routing samverkar i ett modernt TCP/IP-nätverk.
Topologi

Subnetting
Vi ska adressera fyra LAN med olika antal värdar (hosts).
För att undvika slöseri med adresser används VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) – där varje delnät får en mask anpassad efter sitt behov.
Utgångsnätet är 172.16.10.0/23, vilket omfattar adresserna 172.16.10.0 – 172.16.11.255
Det ger totalt 512 adresser (510 användbara).
Vi fördelar dessa stegvis i fallande ordning efter behov
- LAN Sales: 200 HA
- 2x – 2 ≥ 200 vilket ger x = 8
- Det innebär att 8 bitar används till host-delen, och 24 bitar till nätverksdelen.
- Den nya prefixet blir /23 + 1 = /24 vilket ger 21 = 2 NA
- 172.16.10.0/24 med HA-intervall: 172.16.10.1 – 172.16.10.254
- 172.16.11.0/24 delas vidare
- LAN Research: 50 HA
- 2x – 2 ≥ 50 vilket ger x = 6
- Det innebär att 6 bitar används till host-delen, och 26 bitar till nätverksdelen.
- Den nya prefixet blir /24 + 2 = /26 vilket ger 22 = 4 NA
- 172.16.11.0/26 med HA-intervall: 172.16.11.1 – 172.16.11.62
- 172.16.11.64/26 delas vidare
- 172.16.11.128/26 ledig
- 172.16.11.192/26 ledig
- LAN Management: 25 HA
- 2x – 2 ≥ 25 vilket ger x = 5
- Det innebär att 5 bitar används till host-delen, och 27 bitar till nätverksdelen.
- Den nya prefixet blir /26 + 1 = /27 vilket ger 21 = 2 NA
- 172.16.11.64/27 med HA-intervall: 172.16.11.65 – 172.16.11.94
- 172.16.11.96/27 delas vidare
- LAN Servers: 10 HA
- 2x – 2 ≥ 10 vilket ger x = 4
- Det innebär att 4 bitar används till host-delen, och 28 bitar till nätverksdelen.
- Den nya prefixet blir /27 + 1 = /28 vilket ger 21 = 2 NA
- 172.16.11.96/28 med HA-intervall: 172.16.11.65 – 172.16.11.94
- 172.16.11.112/28 ledig
IP adressering
| Device | Interface | Address | Mask | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISP | G0/0 | 8.8.8.14 | 255.255.255.240 | Connected to LAN Google |
| G0/1 | 89.20.20.2 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R1 | |
| R1 | G0/1 | 89.20.20.1 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to ISP |
| G0/2 | 88.10.10.1 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R2 | |
| R2 | G0/2 | 88.10.10.2 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R1 |
| G0/1 | 10.10.20.2 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R3 | |
| G0/0 | 172.16.10.254 | 255.255.255.0 | Connected to LAN Sales | |
| R3 | G0/1 | 10.10.20.1 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R2 |
| G0/2 | 10.10.30.1 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R4 | |
| G0/0 | 172.16.11.62 | 255.255.255.192 | Connected to LAN Research | |
| R4 | G0/2 | 10.10.30.2 | 255.255.255.252 | Connected to R3 |
| G0/1 | 172.16.11.110 | 255.255.255.240 | Connected to LAN Servers | |
| G0/0 | 172.16.11.94 | 255.255.255.224 | Connected to LAN Management |
Konfigurationer
- Router> enable
- Router# configure terminal
- Router(config)# hostname ISP
- ISP(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- ISP(config)# username NETadmin secret RemusP@55vv0rd!
- Interface IP-adressering
- ISP(config)# interface G0/1
- ISP(config-if)# description Connected to R1
- ISP(config-if)# ip address 89.20.20.2 255.255.255.252
- ISP(config-if)# no shutdown
- ISP(config-if)# no cdp enable
- ISP(config-if)# exit
- ISP(config)# interface G0/0
- ISP(config-if)# description Connected to LAN Google
- ISP(config-if)# ip address 8.8.8.14 255.255.255.240
- ISP(config-if)# no shutdown
- ISP(config-if)# exit
- Statik route
- ISP(config)# ip route 172.16.10.0 255.255.254.0 89.20.20.1
- ISP(config)# end
- !
- Router> enable
- Router# configure terminal
- Router(config)# hostname R1
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- R1(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- R1(config)# no ip http server
- R1(config)# no ip http secure-server
- R1(config)# service password-encryption
- R1(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- R1(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- R1(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- R1(config)# banner motd "Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored."
- Skapa admin-konto
- R1(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- R1(config)# line console 0
- R1(config-line)# login local
- R1(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R1(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R1(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- R1(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- SSH konfigurationer
- R1(config)# line vty 0 4
- R1(config-line)# transport input ssh
- R1(config-line)# login local
- R1(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R1(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R1(config-line)# exit
- Kryptonycklar
- R1(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys modulus 1024
- R1(config)# ip ssh version 2
- Interface IP-adressering
- R1(config)# interface G0/1
- R1(config-if)# description Connected to ISP
- R1(config-if)# ip address 89.20.20.1 255.255.255.252
- R1(config-if)# no shutdown
- R1(config-if)# no cdp enable
- R1(config-if)# exit
- R1(config)# interface G0/2
- R1(config-if)# description Connected to R2
- R1(config-if)# ip address 88.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
- R1(config-if)# no shutdown
- R1(config-if)# exit
- Statik default route
- R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 89.20.20.2
- Dynamisk routing med RIP version 2
- R1(config)# router rip
- R1(config-router)# version 2
- R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
- R1(config-router)# network 88.10.10.0
- R1(config-router)# default-information originate
- R1(config-router)# end
- !
- Router> enable
- Router# configure terminal
- Router(config)# hostname R2
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- R2(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- R2(config)# no ip http server
- R2(config)# no ip http secure-server
- R2(config)# service password-encryption
- R2(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- R2(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- R2(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- R2(config)# banner motd "Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored."
- Skapa admin-konto
- R2(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- R2(config)# line console 0
- R2(config-line)# login local
- R2(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R2(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R2(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- R2(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Säkra SSH port
- R2(config)# line vty 0 4
- R2(config-line)# transport input ssh
- R2(config-line)# login local
- R2(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R2(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R2(config-line)# exit
- Kryptonycklar
- R2(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys modulus 1024
- R2(config)# ip ssh version 2
- Interface IP-adressering
- R2(config)# interface G0/2
- R2(config-if)# description Connected to R1
- R2(config-if)# ip address 88.10.10.2 255.255.255.252
- R2(config-if)# no shutdown
- R2(config-if)# exit
- R2(config)# interface G0/1
- R2(config-if)# description Connected to R3
- R2(config-if)# ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.252
- R2(config-if)# no shutdown
- R2(config-if)# exit
- R2(config)# interface G0/0
- R2(config-if)# description Connected to LAN Sales
- R2(config-if)# ip address 172.16.10.254 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-if)# no shutdown
- R2(config-if)# exit
- DHCP konfigurationer
- R2(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.10.250 172.16.10.254
- R2(config)# ip dhcp pool SALES
- R2(config-dhcp)# network 172.16.10.0 255.255.255.0
- R2(config-dhcp)# default-router 172.16.10.254
- R2(config-dhcp)# dns-server 172.16.11.108
- R2(config-dhcp)# domain-name diginto.se
- R2(config-dhcp)# exit
- Dynamisk routing med RIP version 2
- R2(config)# router rip
- R2(config-router)# version 2
- R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
- R2(config-router)# passive-interface g0/0
- R2(config-router)# network 88.10.10.0
- R2(config-router)# network 10.10.20.0
- R2(config-router)# network 172.16.10.0
- R2(config-router)# end
- R2#
- Router> enable
- Router# configure terminal
- Router(config)# hostname R3
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- R3(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- R3(config)# no ip http server
- R3(config)# no ip http secure-server
- R3(config)# service password-encryption
- R3(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- R3(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- R3(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- R3(config)# banner motd "Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored."
- Skapa admin-konto
- R3(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- R3(config)# line console 0
- R3(config-line)# login local
- R3(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R3(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R3(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- R3(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Säkra SSH portar
- R3(config)# line vty 0 4
- R3(config-line)# transport input ssh
- R3(config-line)# login local
- R3(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R3(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R3(config-line)# exit
- Kryptonycklar
- R3(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys modulus 1024
- R3(config)# ip ssh version 2
- Interface IP-adressering
- R3(config)# interface G0/1
- R3(config-if)#description Connected to R2
- R3(config-if)#ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.252
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
- R3(config-if)#exit
- R3(config)#interface G0/2
- R3(config-if)#description Connected to R3
- R3(config-if)#ip address 10.10.30.1 255.255.255.252
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
- R3(config-if)#exit
- R3(config)# interface G0/0
- R3(config-if)#description Connected to LAN Research
- R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.11.62 255.255.255.192
- R3(config-if)#no shutdown
- R3(config-if)#exit
- DHCP konfigurationer
- R3(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.11.60 172.16.11.62
- R3(config)# ip dhcp pool RESEARCH
- R3(config-dhcp)# network 172.16.11.0 255.255.255.192
- R3(config-dhcp)# default-router 172.16.11.62
- R3(config-dhcp)# dns-server 172.16.11.108
- R3(config-dhcp)# domain-name diginto.se
- R3(config-dhcp)# exit
- Dynamisk routing med RIP version 2
- R3(config)# router rip
- R3(config-router)# version 2
- R3(config-router)# no auto-summary
- R3(config-router)# passive-interface G0/0
- R3(config-router)# network 10.10.20.0
- R3(config-router)# network 10.10.30.0
- R3(config-router)# network 172.16.11.0
- R3(config-router)# end
- R3#
- Router> enable
- Router# configure terminal
- Router(config)# hostname R4
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- R4(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- R4(config)# no ip http server
- R4(config)# no ip http secure-server
- R4(config)# service password-encryption
- R4(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- R4(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- R4(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- R4(config)# banner motd "Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored."
- Skapa admin-konto
- R4(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- R4(config)# line console 0
- R4(config-line)# login local
- R4(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R4(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R4(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- R4(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Säkra SSH portar
- R4(config)# line vty 0 4
- R4(config-line)# transport input ssh
- R4(config-line)# login local
- R4(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R4(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R4(config-line)# exit
- Kryptonycklar
- R4(config)# crypto key generate rsa general-keys modulus 1024
- R4(config)# ip ssh version 2
- Interface IP-adressering
- R4(config)# interface G0/1
- R4(config-if)#description Connected to LAN Servers
- R4(config-if)#ip address 172.16.11.110 255.255.255.240
- R4(config-if)#no shutdown
- R4(config-if)#exit
- R4(config)#interface G0/2
- R4(config-if)#description Connected to R3
- R4(config-if)#ip address 10.10.30.2 255.255.255.252
- R4(config-if)#no shutdown
- R4(config-if)#exit
- R4(config)# interface G0/0
- R4(config-if)#description Connected to LAN Management
- R4(config-if)#ip address 172.16.11.94 255.255.255.224
- R4(config-if)#no shutdown
- R4(config-if)#exit
- DHCP konfigurationer
- R4(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.11.90 172.16.11.94
- R4(config)# ip dhcp pool MANAGEMENT
- R4(config-dhcp)# network 172.16.11.64 255.255.255.224
- R4(config-dhcp)# default-router 172.16.11.94
- R4(config-dhcp)# dns-server 172.16.11.108
- R4(config-dhcp)# domain-name diginto.se
- R4(config-dhcp)# exit
- Dynamisk routing med RIP version 2
- R4(config)# router rip
- R4(config-router)# version 2
- R4(config-router)# no auto-summary
- R4(config-router)# passive-interface G0/0
- R4(config-router)# network 10.10.30.0
- R4(config-router)# network 172.16.11.64
- R4(config-router)# network 172.16.11.96
- R4(config-router)# end
- R4#
- Switch> enable
- Switch# configure terminal
- Switch(config)# hostname SW2
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- SW2(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- SW2(config)# no ip http server
- SW2(config)# no ip http secure-server
- SW2(config)# service password-encryption
- SW2(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- SW2(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- SW2(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- SW2(config)# banner motd #Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored.#
- Admin-konto
- SW2(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- SW2(config)# line console 0
- SW2(config-line)# login local
- SW2(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW2(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW2(config-line)# exit
- Säkra SSH portar
- SW2(config)# line vty 0 4
- SW2(config-line)# transport input ssh
- SW2(config-line)# login local
- SW2(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW2(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW2(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- SW2(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Skapa rsa kryptonycklar
- SW2(config)# crypto key generate rsa modulus 2048
- SW2(config)# ip ssh version 2
- SW2(config)# ip ssh time-out 60
- SW2(config)# ip ssh authentication-retries 3
- Management-SVI
- SW2(config)# interface vlan 1
- SW2(config-if)# description Management port
- SW2(config-if)# ip address 172.16.10.253 255.255.255.0
- SW2(config-if)# no shutdown
- SW2(config-if)# exit
- Default gateway för L2-switch
- SW2(config)# ip default-gateway 172.16.10.254
- Stäng oanvända portar och lägg dem i “blackhole”-VLAN 999
- SW2(config)# vlan 999
- SW2(config-vlan)# name PARKING
- SW2(config-vlan)# exit
- SW2(config)# interface range fastethernet0/3 - 24, G0/2
- SW2(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
- SW2(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 999
- SW2(config-if-range)# shutdown
- SW2(config-if-range)# end
- SW2#
- Switch> enable
- Switch# configure terminal
- Switch(config)# hostname SW3
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- W3(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- SW3(config)# no ip http server
- SW3(config)# no ip http secure-server
- SW3(config)# service password-encryption
- SW3(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- SW3(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- SW3(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- SW3(config)# banner motd #Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored.#
- Admin-konto
- SW3(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- SW3(config)# line console 0
- SW3(config-line)# login local
- SW3(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW3(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW3(config-line)# exit
- Säkra SSH portar
- SW3(config)# line vty 0 4
- SW3(config-line)# transport input ssh
- SW3(config-line)# login local
- SW3(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW3(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW3(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- SW3(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Skapa rsa kryptonycklar
- SW3(config)# crypto key generate rsa modulus 2048
- SW3(config)# ip ssh version 2
- SW3(config)# ip ssh time-out 60
- SW3(config)# ip ssh authentication-retries 3
- Management-SVI
- SW3(config)# interface vlan 1
- SW3(config-if)# description Management port
- SW3(config-if)# ip address 172.16.11.61 255.255.255.192
- SW3(config-if)# no shutdown
- SW3(config-if)# exit
- Default gateway för L2-switch
- SW3(config)# ip default-gateway 172.16.11.62
- Stäng oanvända portar och lägg dem i “blackhole”-VLAN 999
- SW3(config)# vlan 999
- SW3(config-vlan)# name PARKING
- SW3(config-vlan)# exit
- SW3(config)# interface range fastethernet0/2 - 24, G0/2
- SW3(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
- SW3(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 999
- SW3(config-if-range)# shutdown
- SW3(config-if-range)# end
- SW3#
- Switch> enable
- Switch# configure terminal
- Switch(config)# hostname SW4
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- SW4(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- SW4(config)# no ip http server
- SW4(config)# no ip http secure-server
- SW4(config)# service password-encryption
- SW4(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- SW4(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- SW4(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- SW4(config)# banner motd #Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored.#
- Admin-konto
- SW4(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- SW4(config)# line console 0
- SW4(config-line)# login local
- SW4(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW4(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW4(config-line)# exit
- Säkra SSH portar
- SW4(config)# line vty 0 4
- SW4(config-line)# transport input ssh
- SW4(config-line)# login local
- SW4(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW4(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW4(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- SW4(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Skapa rsa kryptonycklar
- SW4(config)# crypto key generate rsa modulus 2048
- SW4(config)# ip ssh version 2
- SW4(config)# ip ssh time-out 60
- SW4(config)# ip ssh authentication-retries 3
- Management-SVI
- SW4(config)# interface vlan 1
- SW4(config-if)# description Management port
- SW4(config-if)# ip address 172.16.11.93 255.255.255.224
- SW4(config-if)# no shutdown
- SW4(config-if)# exit
- Default gateway för L2-switch
- SW4(config)# ip default-gateway 172.16.11.94
- Stäng oanvända portar och lägg dem i “blackhole”-VLAN 999
- SW4(config)# vlan 999
- SW4(config-vlan)# name PARKING
- SW4(config-vlan)# exit
- SW4(config)# interface range fastethernet0/3 - 24, G0/2
- SW4(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
- SW4(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 999
- SW4(config-if-range)# shutdown
- SW4(config-if-range)# end
- SW4#
- Switch> enable
- Switch# configure terminal
- Switch(config)# hostname SW5
- Säkerhetskonfigurationer
- SW5(config)# no ip domain-lookup
- SW5(config)# no ip http server
- SW5(config)# no ip http secure-server
- SW5(config)# service password-encryption
- SW5(config)# security passwords min-length 10
- SW5(config)# login block-for 120 attempts 3 within 60
- SW5(config)# enable secret ensecP@55!
- SW5(config)# banner motd #Unauthorized access prohibited. Logged & monitored.#
- Admin-konto
- SW5(config)# username NETadmin secret ReusP@55vv0rd
- Säkra konsolporten
- SW5(config)# line console 0
- SW5(config-line)# login local
- SW5(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW5(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW5(config-line)# exit
- Säkra SSH portar
- SW5(config)# line vty 0 4
- SW5(config-line)# transport input ssh
- SW5(config-line)# login local
- SW5(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- SW5(config-line)# logging synchronous
- SW5(config-line)# exit
- Domännamn
- SW5(config)# ip domain-name diginto.se
- Skapa rsa kryptonycklar
- SW5(config)# crypto key generate rsa modulus 2048
- SW5(config)# ip ssh version 2
- SW5(config)# ip ssh time-out 60
- SW5(config)# ip ssh authentication-retries 3
- Management-SVI
- SW5(config)# interface vlan 1
- SW5(config-if)# description Management port
- SW5(config-if)# ip address 172.16.11.109 255.255.255.240
- SW5(config-if)# no shutdown
- SW5(config-if)# exit
- Default gateway för L2-switch
- SW5(config)# ip default-gateway 172.16.11.110
- Stäng oanvända portar och lägg dem i “blackhole”-VLAN 999
- SW5(config)# vlan 999
- SW5(config-vlan)# name PARKING
- SW5(config-vlan)# exit
- SW5(config)# interface range fastethernet0/2 - 24, G0/2
- SW5(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
- SW5(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 999
- SW5(config-if-range)# shutdown
- SW5(config-if-range)# end
- SW5#
- Lokala fallback-konton
- R4(config)# username NetTech15 privilege 15 secret netechP@1515
- R4(config)# username NetTech09 privilege 9 secret netechP@0909
- R4(config)# username NetTech11 privilege 12 secret netechP@1212
- AAA policies
- R4(config)# aaa new-model
- R4(config)# aaa authentication login default group radius local
- R4(config)# aaa authorization exec default group radius local
- R4(config)# aaa authorization commands 15 default group radius local
- R4(config)# aaa accounting exec default start-stop group radius
- R4(config)# aaa accounting commands 15 default start-stop group radius
- R4(config)# aaa authentication enable default group radius enable
- RADIUS + timers
- R4(config)# ip radius source-interface g0/1
- R4(config)# radius-server host 172.16.11.108 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 key RadkeyP@55
- R4(config)# radius-server timeout 3
- R4(config)# radius-server retransmit 2
- R4(config)# radius-server deadtime 2
- Konsol via AAA
- R4(config)# line console 0
- R4(config-line)# login authentication default
- R4(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30
- R4(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R4(config-line)# exit
- SSH/VTY via AAA
- R4(config)# line vty 0 4
- R4(config-line)# transport input ssh
- R4(config-line)# login authentication default
- R4(config-line)# exec-timeout 10 0
- R4(config-line)# logging synchronous
- R4(config-line)# end
- R4#